What’s in the little white balls?

Over 200 million people worldwide use homeopathy regularly. Established in England, France and the Netherlands, homeopathy is an alternative medicine that comes in the form of little white balls. 

You may have come across Oscillococcinum (Oscillo) - a common homeopathic medicine for immunity that can be found over-the-counter at your local pharmacy.

What is Homeopathy and how does it work?

Homeopathy is a gentle treatment based on the principle “like cures like” and has been used clinically for more than 200 years. 

Like cures like is the same principle used in vaccinations. Homeopathic medicines contain highly diluted substances that in a regular dose may cause a healthy person to experience symptoms, but in a sick person, cure illness. 

These diluted substances trigger your body’s self healing power by stimulating a precise reaction in the body against the symptoms. For example, when you peel an onion, you feel burn and itch in the eyes, you may also have a runny nose. If you have similar symptoms, then a homeopathic micro-dose of the remedy called Allium cepa, made from red onion, can help to trigger your body to heal.

Homeopaths consider your unique presentation of symptoms, and your specific constitution. Two people with the same symptoms won’t necessarily receive the same treatment. Their natural demeanour and physical and emotional qualities guide a homeopath to a formula that will provide the relief they’re seeking.  For example, someone who is stressed with sweaty palms will be given a different remedy from a stressed individual who has a dry mouth. 

Research and clinical data has shown homeopathy to be effective in boosting a wide range of health concerns, including sleep issues, skin conditions, mental health concerns and fatigue. 

Does it take a long time for treatment to work? 

Not necessarily! In acute cases, the right remedy can work as quickly as 30 minutes. Homeopathy can also be used as first aid to provide quick help for  injuries and burns.

However, if a patient suffers from a chronic problem over a long period of time, it may take longer to regain good health. 

Is it safe for infants and pregnant women?

Yes, remedies— when administered by qualified homeopaths—are completely safe for everyone, including pregnant women and babies. In fact, difficulties during pregnancy and problems experienced by newborns can be treated effectively by homeopathy without any side effects.

If you are taking medications or receiving conventional medical treatments, it is essential that you inform your homeopath to avoid any potential conflicts.

What exactly is in homeopathic remedies?

Remedies usually come in little sugar balls, but what are the therapeutic substances?

Homeopathic medicine is made from extremely small quantities of nanoparticles extracted from plants, animals or minerals. The remedies are so diluted that, based on chemistry, it is difficult to find any molecules of the original substance in the remedy. This led sceptics to question that there is nothing in homeopathic remedies except water, implying that homeopathy does not work.

In an interview published in Science magazine of December 24, 2010, Nobel Prize-winning virologist Dr Luc Montagnier gave support to Homeopathic medicine: “The high dilutions (used in homeopathy) are right. High dilutions of something are not nothing. They are water structures which mimic the original molecules.”

He was referring to his experimental research that confirmed the usefulness of sequential dilution with vigorous shaking in-between each dilution. Although many sceptics assume that none of the original molecules remain in solution, Dr Montagnier’s research, and other studies of many of his colleagues, have verified that electromagnetic signals of the original medicine remain in the water and have significant biological effects.

Another Nobel Prize-winning scientist, Emeritus Professor of Cambridge University Dr Brian Josephson wrote this in response to an article about homeopathy in New Scientist.

“Regarding your comments on claims made for homeopathy: criticisms centered around the vanishingly small number of solute molecules present in a solution after it has been repeatedly diluted are beside the point, since advocates of homeopathic remedies attribute their effects not to molecules present in the water, but to modifications of the water’s structure.”

“Simple-minded analysis may suggest that water, being a fluid, cannot have a structure of the kind that such a picture would demand. But cases such as that of liquid crystals, which while flowing like an ordinary fluid can maintain an ordered structure over macroscopic distances, show the limitations of such ways of thinking. There have not, to the best of my knowledge, been any refutations of homeopathy that remain valid after this particular point is taken into account.”

How effective is research on homeopathic remedies?

It is rather difficult to test homeopathy properly in randomised controlled trials (RCTs) for two reasons. 

Firstly, the homeopathic remedy has to be individualised according to the patient’s profile. RCTs are based on giving the same treatment – in this case the very same homeopathic remedy to a large number of people and looking at the results, compared with those for a control group, which has been given a “placebo” treatment. The problem is that this large number of people who receive the same remedy may suffer from the same illness, but their individual symptoms are not the same. Because of this, it is difficult to reflect on whether the remedy is effective.

Secondly, RCTs require that neither the patient nor the practitioner knows who is getting the ‘active’ treatment or the placebo. In homeopathy, however, the practitioner needs to assess the patient’s reaction to the previous remedy in order to decide how to proceed with the case. A lack of reaction to the remedy is important information as it may indicate that the wrong remedy or the wrong potency has been prescribed.  If the practitioner does not know whether the patient actually received the remedy, then it is impossible to make any accurate assessment.

Scientific evidence for homeopathic remedies

Given these challenges, many high-quality studies have still been published in respected medical and scientific journals.

In 1991, three professors of medicine from the Netherlands, none of them homeopaths, performed a meta-analysis of 25 years of clinical studies using homeopathic medicines and published their results in the British Medical Journal. The paper stated that “overall, of the 105 trials with interpretable results, 81 trials (77%) indicated positive results.”

The professors concluded, “the amount of positive results came as a surprise to us.”

Image - https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/research-team-discussing-results-gm487041631-487041631?searchscope=image%2Cfilm 

Specifically, they found that:

• 13 of 19 trials showed successful support for immunity
• 5 of 7 trials showed improvement in digestive health
• 5 of 7 showed faster recovery from injury
• 18 of 20 showed benefit in addressing pain or trauma
• 8 of 10 showed positive results in relieving mental or psychological problems
• 13 of 15 showed benefit from various diagnoses.

A body of clinical research in homeopathy that has been consistently recognized as some of the highest quality scientific research has been conducted by a group of researchers at the University of Glasgow and Glasgow Homeopathic Hospital. They conducted four studies on people suffering from various respiratory conditions. In total, they treated 253 patients and found a 28% improvement in those given homeopathic medicine, as compared with a 3% improvement in patients given a placebo.

One of the most impressive studies ever on homeopathic medicines was in respiratory health at the University of Vienna Hospital. A prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was performed to assess the influence of Kali bichromicum on the health of breathing tubes. And – the results were significant. 

Three studies of children with gut issues were also conducted and published in peer-review scientific journals. A meta-analysis of the 242 children who were involved in these three studies showed that the children who were prescribed a homeopathic medicine experienced a highly significant reduction in symptoms as compared with the children who were given a placebo.

Another study was carried out on 53 patients with chronic pain. Participants that were given individually chosen homeopathic treatment showed significantly greater improvements in tender point count and tender point pain, quality of life, global health and a trend toward less depression compared with those on placebo.

What is also extremely interesting about this study was that the researchers found that people on homeopathic treatment also experienced changes in EEG readings, an indicator of the brain’s electrical activity and levels. Not only did subjects who were given homeopathic medicine experience improved health, they were shown to experience different changes in the brain wave activity. This evidence of clinical benefits and objective physiological action from homeopathic medicines provides very strong evidence that Homeopathy can have observable results.

References 

Martin E. Newsmaker Interview: Luc Montagnier, French Nobelist Escapes “Intellectual Terror” to Pursue Radical Ideas in China, 2010.

Jos K, Paul K, Gerben ter Riet. Clinical Trials of Homeopathy,1991.

Taylor MA, Reilly D, Llewellyn-Jones RH, et al., Randomised Controlled Trial of Homoeopathy versus Placebo in Perennial Allergic Rhinitis with Overview of Four Trial Series, 2000.

Frass M, Dielacher C, Linkesch M, et al. Influence of potassium dichromate on tracheal secretions in critically ill patients. Chest, 2005.

Jacobs J, Jonas WB, Jimenez-Perez B, Crothers D. Homeopathy for Childhood Diarrhea: Combined Results and Metaanalysis from Three Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trials, 2003.

Bell IR, Lewis II DA, Brooks AJ, et al. Improved clinical status in fibromyalgia patients treated with individualized homeopathic remedies versus placebo, 2004.